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List of Stains: Difference between revisions

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# Secondary
# Secondary
!Other Reagents
!Other Reagents
!Controls
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|[[Hematoxylin & Eosin Staining|Hematoxylin & Eosin (H&E)]]
|[[Hematoxylin & Eosin Staining|Hematoxylin & Eosin (H&E)]]
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Scott's tap water substitute
Scott's tap water substitute
Eosin Y
Eosin Y
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|Periodic Acid-Schiff (PAS)
|Periodic Acid-Schiff (PAS)
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** cellulose
** cellulose
** fungi (chitin)
** fungi (chitin)
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|pale blue
|pale blue
|Ionic bonding
|Ionic bonding
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|Acid mucins (mucopolysaccharides)
|Acid mucins (mucopolysaccharides)
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|Sialomucins (glycoproteins)
|Sialomucins (glycoproteins)
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|Background
|Background
|pink/red
|pink/red
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|Alcian Blue + Periodic Acid-Schiff (AB PAS)
|Alcian Blue + Periodic Acid-Schiff (AB PAS)
|Identifying  multiple different types of carbohydrate groups
|Identifying  multiple different types of carbohydrate groups
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|Hydrogen bonding
|Hydrogen bonding
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# Ponceau (dense connective)
# Ponceau (dense connective)
# Light green or aniline blue (loose connective)
# Light green or aniline blue (loose connective)
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## Picric acid (RBCs and cytoplasm)
## Picric acid (RBCs and cytoplasm)
## Acid fuchsin (collagen and muscle)
## Acid fuchsin (collagen and muscle)
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|Selective solubility
|Selective solubility
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|Gram
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* Microorganism stain (gram +/- bacteria)
|Microorganism Stain
* Gram positive - purple
* Gram negative - blue
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|Ionic bonding (differential)
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|'''Positive:''' appendix, tissues known to contain microorganisms
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|Ziehl-Neelsen
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Revision as of 12:16, 23 April 2024

Stain Uses Tissue Components Targeted Mechanism of Staining Stains Used
  1. Primary
  2. Secondary
 Other Reagents Controls
Hematoxylin & Eosin (H&E)
  • General tissue staining
  • Nuclei - blue
  • RBCs - red/dark pink
  • Muscle - pink
  • Collagen - light pink
  1. Harris Hematoxylin (nuclear)
  2. Eosin Y (cytoplasm)
 Harris Hematoxylin

Acid Alcohol Scott's tap water substitute Eosin Y

Periodic Acid-Schiff (PAS)
  • Identifying neutral polysaccharides (Group I carbohydrates)
    • glycogen
    • starches
    • cellulose
    • fungi (chitin)
Alcian Blue (AB)
  • Identifying acid mucopolysaccharides (Group II carbohydrates)
  • Identifying glycoproteins (Group III carbohydrates)
 pH 1.0: Sulfated mucopolysaccharides pale blue Ionic bonding
Acid mucins (mucopolysaccharides)
Sialomucins (glycoproteins)
Background pink/red
Alcian Blue + Periodic Acid-Schiff (AB PAS) Identifying multiple different types of carbohydrate groups
Congo Red
  • Identifying amyloid deposits
 Hydrogen bonding
Masson Trichrome
  • Identifying fibrotic tissue
 Connective Tissue Stain
  • Nuclei - blue-black
  • RBCs - dark red
  • Muscle - red
  • Cytoplasm - red
  • Collagen - varies by stain (often green or blue)
 Porosity and ionic bonding No primary stain.
  1. Iron hematoxylin (nuclear)
  2. Ponceau (dense connective)
  3. Light green or aniline blue (loose connective)
Gordon and Sweet's Reticulin
  • Identifies reticulin fibres (type III & IV collagen)
  • Differential diagnosis of certain tumour types
 Connective Tissue Stain
  • Reticulin fibres - black
  • Nuclei and cytoplasm - varies by counterstain
 Metallic impregnation
  • Argyophilic metallic impregnation & substitution

Counterstain

  • Ionic bonding
  1. a
  2. Varies (light green, nuclear fast red, neutral red, etc.)
Verhoeff's Van Giesen
  • Identifies elastin fibres
 Connective Tissue Stain
  • Elastic fibres - blue-black/black
  • Nuclei - dark blue-black
  • Collagen - red
  • Muscle - orange
  • RBCs - yellow
  • Cytoplasm - yellow
 Van der Waal's
  • Primary stain

Porosity and ionic bonding

  • Counterstain
  1. Verhoeff's Iron Hematoxylin (elastic fibres)
  2. Van Giesen
    1. Picric acid (RBCs and cytoplasm)
    2. Acid fuchsin (collagen and muscle)
Oil Red O
  • Identifying triglycerides, lipids, and lipoproteins
 Connective Tissue Stain Selective solubility
Gram
  • Microorganism stain (gram +/- bacteria)
 Microorganism Stain
  • Gram positive - purple
  • Gram negative - blue
 Ionic bonding (differential) Positive: appendix, tissues known to contain microorganisms
Ziehl-Neelsen

Gram Stain

  • Staining technique: Differential staining (ionic bonding to cell wall)
  • Primary Stain: Crystal violet
    • Targets: Gram positive bacteria (purple/blue)
  • Counterstain: Safranin
    • Targets: Gram negative bacteria (pink/red)

Ziehl-Neelsen

  • Staining technique: Differential staining/acid fastness (ionic bonding)
  • Primary Stain:
    • Targets: Acid-fast bacteria (e.g., Mycobacteria)
  • Counterstain:
    • Targets:

Grocott Methenamine Silver

  • Staining technique:
  • Primary Stain:
    • Targets:
  • Counterstain:
    • Targets:

Perl's Prussian Blue

  • Staining technique:
  • Primary Stain:
    • Targets:
  • Counterstain:
    • Targets:

Masson Fontana

  • Staining technique:
  • Primary Stain:
    • Targets:
  • Counterstain:
    • Targets:

Von Kossa

  • Staining technique:
  • Primary Stain:
    • Targets:
  • Counterstain:
    • Targets:

Jones Methenamine Silver

  • Staining technique:
  • Primary Stain:
    • Targets:
  • Counterstain:
    • Targets:

Toluidine Blue

  • Staining technique:
  • Primary Stain:
    • Targets:
  • Counterstain:
    • Targets:
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